miR-10a通过FBXW7-ZEB2轴调控非小细胞肺癌肿瘤化疗耐药的动物实验研究

摘要 目的：通过动物实验,具体探讨微小RNA（miR-10a）通过含F-框WD重复域蛋白7（FBXW7）-E盒锌指结合蛋白2（ZEB2）轴调控非小细胞肺癌的肿瘤化疗耐药作用。方法：非小细胞肺癌模型小鼠（n=42）随机平分为三组-模型组、miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组,模型组给予生理盐水0.2 mL腹腔注射,环磷酰胺组给予环磷酰胺20 mg/kg腹腔注射,miR-10a组给hsa-miR-10a mimics 15 mg/kg 联合环磷酰胺20 mg/kg腹腔注射,1次/d,持续给药14 d。结果：miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第7 d与第14 d的肿瘤体积低于模型组,miR-10a组低于环磷酰胺组（P<0.05）。miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第14 d与第28 d的瘤体质量低于模型组,抑瘤率高于模型组,miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组对比差异也有统计学意义（P<0.05）。miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第14 d与第28 d的肿瘤细胞凋亡指数高于模型组,miR-10a组高于环磷酰胺组（P<0.05）。miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第14 d与第28 d的血清FBXW7、ZEB2含量低于模型组,miR-10a组低于环磷酰胺组（P<0.05）。miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第14 d与第28 d的FBXW7、ZEB2 mRNA与蛋白相对表达水平低于模型组,miR-10a组低于环磷酰胺组（P<0.05）。结论：过表达miR-10a能抑制非小细胞肺癌小鼠的FBXW7-ZEB2轴的激活,抑制血清FBXW7、ZEB2的表达,从而促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,改善肿瘤化疗耐药性,促进缩小肿瘤体积。     

TLR4-dependent upregulation of the platelet NLRP3 inflammasome promotes platelet aggregation in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia

Platelets play a critical role in the pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The mechanisms by which muscle ischemia regulates aggregation of platelets are poorly understood. We have recently identified the Nod-like receptor nucleotide-binding domain leucine rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) expressed by platelets as a critical regulator of platelet activation and aggregation, which may be triggered by activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In this study, we performed femoral artery ligation (FAL) in transgenic mice with platelet-specific ablation of TLR4 (TLR4 PF4) and in NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3^?/?) mice. NLRP3 inflammasome activity of circulating platelets, as monitored by activation of caspase-1 and cleavage of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), was upregulated in mice subjected to FAL. Genetic ablation of TLR4 in platelets led to decreased platelet caspase 1 activation and platelet aggregation, which was reversed by the NLRP3 activator Nigericin. Two weeks after the induction of FAL, ischemic limb perfusion was increased in TLR4 PF4 and NLRP3^?/? mice as compared to control mice. Hence, activation of platelet TLR4/NLRP3 signaling plays a critical role in upregulating platelet aggregation and interfering with perfusion recovery in muscle ischemia and may represent a therapeutic target to improve limb salvage.     

Variation in egg mass within two Atlantic herring Clupea harengus stocks

The main objective of this study was to investigate if egg size (mass) at spawning is invariant for Scotia-Fundy summer and autumn (SFSH) and Icelandic summer (ISSH) spawning herring Clupea harengus. Oocyte dry mass measurements for SFSH females collected in 2001 and ISSH females collected in 1999 and 2000 showed a large variation. Difference in egg dry mass among fish was found to vary by as much as twofold in each stock. For ISSH, variation in egg mass was also apparent from oocyte volume measurements made jointly with a histological examination of the ovaries. Approximately 20% of the variation in egg mass could be explained by maternal whole-body mass or total length, indicating that length or age composition in the stocks can potentially influence the recruitment success. This implies that fisheries management strategies should aim to maintain a broad range in age composition.     

Knockout of Nr2e3 prevents rod photoreceptor differentiation and leads to selective L-/M-cone photoreceptor degeneration in zebrafish

Mutations in the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor gene Nr2e3 increased the number of S-cone photoreceptors in human and murine retinas and led to retinal degeneration that involved photoreceptor and non-photoreceptor cells. The mechanisms underlying these complex phenotypes remain unclear. In the hope of understanding the precise role of Nr2e3 in photoreceptor cell fate determination and differentiation, we generated a line of Nr2e3 knockout zebrafish using CRISPR technology. In these Nr2e3-null animals, rod precursors undergo terminal mitoses but fail to differentiate as rods. Rod-specific genes are not expressed and the outer segment (OS) fails to form. Formation and differentiation of cone photoreceptors is normal. Specifically, there is no increase in the number of UV-cone or S-cone photoreceptors. Laminated retinal structure is maintained. After normal development, L-/M-cones selectively degenerate, with progressive shortening of OS that starts at age 1 month. The amount of cone phototransduction proteins is concomitantly reduced, whereas UV- and S-cones have normal OS lengths even at age 10 months. In vitro studies show Nr2e3 synergizes with Crx and Nrl to enhance rhodopsin gene expression. Nr2e3 does not affect cone opsin expression. Our results extend the knowledge of Nr2e3's roles and have specific implications for the interpretation of the phenotypes observed in human and murine retinas. Furthermore, our model may offer new opportunities in finding treatments for enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS) and other retinal degenerative diseases.     

Molecular characterisation of two novel maize LRR receptor-like kinases, which belong to the SERK gene family

Genes encoding two novel members of the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) superfamily have been isolated from maize (Zea mays L.). These genes have been named ZmSERK1 and ZmSERK2 since features such as a putative leucine zipper (ZIP) and five leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain, a proline-rich region (SPP) just upstream of the transmembrane domain and a C-terminal extension (C) after the kinase domain identify them as members of the SERK (omatic mbryogenesis eceptor-like inase) family. ZmSERK1 and ZmSERK2 are single-copy genes and show 79% identity among each other in their nucleotide sequences. They share a conserved intron/exon structure with other members of the SERK family. In the maize genome, ZmSERK1 maps to position 76.9 on chromosome arm 10L and ZmSERK2 to position 143.5 on chromosome arm 5L, in regions generally not involved in duplications. ZmSERK1 is preferentially expressed in male and female reproductive tissues with strongest expression in microspores. In contrast, ZmSERK2 expression is relatively uniform in all tissues investigated. Both genes are expressed in embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus cultures. Received: 20 June 2000 / Accepted: 25 September 2000